Cov khoom hloov pauv: Superconducting Breakthrough nrog YBCO Txheej
Lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm qhov nruab nrab superconducting yog nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm YBCO txheej thiabnatural cobblestones. Technical teams xaiv basalt cobblestones (5-8cm inch) nrog compressive zog ＞200MPa ua substrates; lawv cov qauv ntom ntom muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau superconducting txheej. Siv pulsed laser deposition (PLD), 1μm- tuab YBCO superconducting zaj duab xis ( tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg YBa₂Cu₃O₇₋ₓ) yog tso rau ntawm lub cobblestone nto, ua plaub- txheej txheej: "cobblestone substrate - 9} txheej tiv thaiv YB - 200 1 Buffer txheej. Cov txheej txheem CeO₂ tsis zoo daws cov teeb meem sib txuam ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb qhov chaw roughness thiab cov txheej txheem superconducting, ua rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tam sim no kom siab tshaj 10⁴A / cm² (ntawm 77K, nws tus kheej- teb).
Cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo tseem ceeb qhia txog nws qhov zoo: YBCO txheej muaj qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb ntawm 92K (-181 degree), siab dua li cov kua nitrogen lub boiling point (77K). Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub xeev superconducting tuaj yeem khaws cia nrog cov kua nitrogen es tsis txhob siv cov kua roj helium kim (qhov kub kub 4.2K), txo cov nqi nruab nrab cua txias los ntawm ntau dua 90%. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ntuj nkhaus nto ntawm cobblestones ua kom muaj kev faib tawm tam sim no ntau dua (radial tam sim no sib txawv ＜ 2%), zam qhov kev xav tau tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov tsoos tiaj tus superconducting tapes thiab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg thaum lub sij hawm tam sim no kis tau tus mob.
Kev sib piv cov kev ntsuam xyuas qhia tau hais tias: ntawm 10kA tam sim no, AC poob ntawm superconducting cobblestones tsuas yog 0.001% ntawm cov tooj liab cables nrog tib tus ntoo khaub lig-section, tsis muaj cua sov tiv taus- daws qhov teeb meem "kab poob" los ntawm Joule cua sov hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub.
Zog Efficiency: Zero -Zero- Poob Transmission Revolution
Kev ntsuas los ntawm Lub Xeev Grid UHV Laboratory paub meej tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm superconducting cobblestones. Hauv kev sim ntawm 100km simulated kis kab:
Ib txwm 500kV tooj liab- cov tub ntxhais cables muaj kev sib kis ntawm 7.2% (72MWh poob thaum xa 1000MWh);
Cov kab sib txuas ua ke nrog superconducting cobblestones (tib lub peev xwm) tau poob ntawm tsuas yog 0.0001%, txhais tau tias tsuas yog 0.1kWh poob ib 1000MWh kis tau - sib npaug los tshem tawm txhua xyoo kev poob ntawm 50MW thermal fais fab nroj tsuag.
Qhov kev ua tau zoo heev no muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau qhov ntev - nrug, loj - kis tau tus mob. Rau Tuam Tshoj txoj "West-rau-Kev xa hluav taws xob sab hnub tuaj" UHV qhov project, kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem txuag tau 1.2 billion kWh ib xyoos ib zaug rau ± 800kV kab- sib npaug los txo cov qauv siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 600,000 tons thiab CO₂ 1.5 lab emissions los ntawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws qhov ceev tam sim no siab (10⁴A / cm², 100 npaug ntawm cov tooj liab cables) ua rau muaj peev xwm sib kis tau zoo: ib qho 8cm- txoj kab uas hla ntawm superconducting cobblestones tuaj yeem xa 5000MVA-20 npaug ntawm cov tsoos 100mm² tooj liab cables. Qhov no txo qis qhov xav tau ntawm qhov chaw sib kis, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev hloov kho cov kav dej hauv av hauv nroog cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob.
Kev daws qhov txias: Tus nqi zoo ntawm Modular LN₂ Systems
Qhov kev siv tau zoo ntawm superconducting cobblestones yog nyob ntawm kev ua tau zoo, qis -cov nqi cua txias. Lub modular kua nitrogen (LN₂) cov kab ke tsim los ntawm pab pawg kws tshaj lij hais txog "qhov nyuaj txias, kev saib xyuas siab" cov ntsiab lus mob ntawm cov khoom siv superconducting ib txwm:
Lub kaw lus siv cov qauv tsim, nrog rau txhua 100 superconducting cobblestones ua ke nrog micro LN₂ lub tank (50L peev) thiab cov twj tso kua mis, txuas ntawm polyimide hoses los tsim ib qho chaw txias txias;
LN₂ evaporation yog tswj ntawm 0.5L / h (vs. 2L / h rau cov kab ke hauv nruab nrab), raws li cov pob zeb 'natural curvature txo thermal bridging, txiav cov cua sov los ntawm 75%;
Kev saib xyuas siv tus qauv "plug-thiab-play": ib qho module tsis ua hauj lwm tsis cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov kab, nrog lub sij hawm hloov ＜30 feeb-10 npaug ntau dua li cov kab hluav taws xob ntau dua (yuav tsum tau kaw tag nrho).
Tus nqi suav nyiaj qhia cov nuj nqis ua haujlwm txhua xyoo (xws li LN₂ kev ntxiv thiab kev saib xyuas cov khoom siv) yog $0.2/m, tsuas yog 40% ntawm cov kua helium cua txias tshuab ($ 0.5/m)- txo nqi 60%. Tsis tas li ntawd, LN₂ tuaj yeem tsim tawm ntawm - qhov chaw los ntawm cov khoom siv sib cais huab cua (tus nqi ~ $ 0.1 / L), tshem tawm cov kev thauj mus los ntev - thiab txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov saw hlau txuas ntxiv.
Tam sim no, thev naus laus zis tau sim nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ua lag luam hauv Jiangsu Xeev. Lub 1km superconducting cobblestone kis tau tus mob tau ua haujlwm ruaj khov rau 18 lub hlis, tswj 99.9999% kev sib kis tau zoo- txheeb xyuas nws qhov kev ntseeg tau hauv cov phiaj xwm siv hluav taws xob. Raws li State Grid engineer tau sau tseg: "Superconducting cobblestones tau txav zero- tsis kam kis los ntawm chav kuaj mus rau engineering daim ntawv thov. Lawv tsis yog cov khoom siv tshiab, tab sis kev hloov pauv hauv lub zog sib kis."