Molecular Sieve Technology: Zeolite-Modified Radionuclide Traps
Lub peev xwm adsorption tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb no yog los ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm ntuj zeolite. Technical teams xaiv volcanicpebbles(10-15cm txoj kab uas hla) nplua nuj nyob rau hauv clinoptilolite, optimizing lub zeolite lub microporous qauv (0.3-0.8nm pore loj) mus rau hauv "targeted adsorption" raws los ntawm cov kua qaub activation (5% hydrochloric acid kho) thiab ion pauv (ammonium ntsev tov immersion). Cov txheej txheem aluminosilicate sab hauv nqa cov nqi tsis zoo, ua kom muaj zog ntawm cationic radionuclides xws li cesium (Cs⁺) thiab strontium (Sr²⁺) ntawm electrostatic attraction.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntsuam xyuas qhia tau hais tias hloov pebbles ua tiav cesium adsorption muaj peev xwm tshaj 120mg/g thiab strontium tshaj 90mg/g-3 zaug uas tsis hloov kho zeolite thiab deb tshaj cov tsoos cement solidification (tsuas yog 5mg/g rau cesium). Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, adsorption stability yog qhov tshwj xeeb: nyob rau hauv pH 3-11 ib puag ncig (simulating av hauv ntau yam geological), radionuclide desorption tus nqi yog ＜0.1%; tom qab-ray irradiation (ntau npaum li 10⁶Gy, sib npaug ntawm cov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob nyob ib puag ncig HLW), muaj peev xwm adsorption txo qis los ntawm 2%, zam kev puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws xob.
Lub adsorption mechanism ua tiav "dual locking": lub cev, zeolite micropores tsim steric hindrance rau radionuclides; chemically, radionuclides tsim kev ruaj ntseg kev sib koom ua ke nrog zeolite moj khaum, tiv thaiv re- tso tawm txawm nyob rau hauv qhov kub siab (150 degree) los yog siab (10MPa)- daws qhov "yooj yim desorption" qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj adsorbents.
Kev nyab xeeb Indicators: Zero Permeability Barrier Performance
Radionuclide- kaw gravel tau dhau qhov kev pov thawj tawm tsam lub ntiaj teb cov qauv kev pov tseg pov tseg nuclear nruj tshaj plaws. Kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm Finland's Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) qhia tias nws cov permeability tag nrho yog ＜10⁻⁹m/s-lub ntsiab lus ＜10⁻⁹ cubic meters ntawm cov dej hla mus rau ib square meter txhua hnub (sib npaug rau ib lab ntawm ib tug poob), ua radionuclide tsis yooj yim sua los ntawm diffusion.
Qhov no ultra- tsis tshua muaj permeability los ntawm "gravel- bentonite" cov qauv sib xyaw: txhua lub pebble yog coated nrog 2 hli txheej ntawm sodium bentonite (qhov muaj peev xwm o ＞30mL / g), uas nrawm nrawm rau hauv cov gel ntom ntom thaum sib cuag nrog cov dej hauv av, sau qhov khoob ntawm pebbles. Meanwhile, the pebble's naturally dense structure (porosity ＜2%) further blocks permeation paths. Ntev-kev sim leaching lub sij hawm (simulating 1000 xyoo ntawm av yaig) qhia tias cesium leaching tus nqi yog ＜10⁻⁸g/(cm²·d), deb tshaj lub International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) kev txwv kev nyab xeeb (10⁻⁶g/(cm²·d)).
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws qhov kev ruaj ntseg zoo tshaj plaws: 150MPa compressive zog tiv taus overburden siab hauv av pov tseg (feem ntau ＜5MPa); tsis muaj kev tawg tshwm sim tom qab 100 khov-thaw cycles (-20℃txog 20 degree), ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv huab cua huab cua.
Tus nqi pov tseg: Kev hloov pauv nyiaj txiag hauv Nuclear khib nyiab pov tseg
Kev siv tswv yim ntawm Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant (Finland) lees paub cov pob zeb tus nqi zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag 2024 HLW pov tseg qhov project, hloov ib txwm iav solidification nrog radionuclide- xauv pob zeb ua tiav ntau yam kev txuag nqi:
50% cov nqi qis dua: hloov cov pob zeb tsim cov nqi ~ $ 80 / ton, ib nrab ntawm iav solidification ($ 160 / ton);
Kev txhim kho kev thauj mus los thiab kev ua haujlwm pov tseg: 1kg ib pebble ua rau kev thauj khoom mechanized, tripling kev thauj mus los piv rau iav solidification (yuav tsum tau ntim tshwj xeeb shielding);
Tshem tawm cov nqi tu ncua ntev -cov nqi tu: ruaj khov adsorption thiab ultra- permeability qis tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntxiv rau kev saib xyuas qhov dej lossis cov txheej txheem kho, 预计 60% txo qis hauv 100 xyoo kev ua haujlwm tu nqi.
Kev suav sau ua ke qhia tau hais tias cov nqi pov tseg hauv av tau nqis los ntawm $ 2000 / m³ txog $ 1200 / m³- txo qis 40%. Rau 1GW nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag tsim 200m³ ntawm HLW txhua xyoo, qhov no txuag tau ~ $ 1.6 lab toj ib xyoo.
Ntau qhov ua tau zoo, nws ua rau lub voj voog pov tseg nuclear luv: ib txwm iav khov kho yuav tsum tau 6-12 lub hlis ntawm kev ua kom txias thiab ua kom khov, thaum hloov pob zeb tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha tom qab pib kho cov khib nyiab, compressing txheej txheem los ntawm "xyoo" mus rau "lub lis piam" thiab txo qhov pheej hmoo cia ib ntus. Raws li tau sau tseg hauv STUK qhov kev ntsuam xyuas: "Lub pob zeb no hloov cov pov tseg nuclear los ntawm 'nyuaj pov tseg' mus rau 'tswj pov tseg'-ib qho khoom tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam nuclear.