I. Roj Drilling & Ua tiav: Cov Pabcuam Downhole ntseeg tau
Drilling thiab ua tiav ntsib cov teeb meem hnyav xws li kub siab, siab siab, thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj.Pebbles'Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov ua rau lawv cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, tsom rau kev ntsaws, xuab zeb tswj, thiab tsim kev ruaj ntseg.
1. Cov ntawv thov thiab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb
Drilling Fluid Poob Control: Thaum ntsib kev tsim tawm (xws li, tawg los yog cavernous formations), pebbles ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog tov nrog drilling kua thiab txhaj downhole. Lawv cov tawv tawv thiab cov duab tsis sib xws sai sai ua rau cov dej xau, tsim "bridge plug" kom tsis txhob muaj dej poob thiab xyuas kom tsis tu ncua drilling.
Ua tiav Sand Control Lim: Nyob rau hauv cov roj qhov dej nrog unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, pebbles ua raws li siab -zoo xuab zeb tswj media. Ua tiav ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus thiab cov phab ntsa hauv qhov dej, lawv tsim cov pob zeb pob zeb uas thaiv cov xuab zeb los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov kav dej (tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej siv thiab txhaws) thaum tso cai rau cov roj crude ntws zoo, ua kom lub neej zoo.
Wellbore Stability & Casing Protection: Nyob rau hauv collapsible los yog shrinkable formations, pebbles sau nyob rau hauv lub annular qhov chaw txhawb pob zeb phab ntsa kom tiv thaiv lub cev qhuav dej. Lawv kuj txo cov kua dej yaig ntawm lub qhov dej thiab tiv thaiv cov casings los ntawm kev tsim kev puas tsuaj.
2. Kev Xaiv Cov Qauv rau Drilling
Customizable particle loj: 5-50mm (tso tswj, kho kom tawg loj), 0.5-2mm (xuab zeb tswj, matched rau tsim xuab zeb gradation);
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev: Mohs hardness Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 7.5, compressive zog Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 150MPa, hnav tus nqi Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1% (tiv thaiv crushing hauv qab qhov siab siab);
Kev ruaj ntseg tshuaj: Acid-alkali corrosion resistant (tolerating drilling kua thiab tsim dej), tsis muaj soluble los yog reactive impurities (tsis txhob tsim cov kab mob).
II. Roj Refining & Tshuaj Kev Lag Luam: Cov kws tshaj lij pabcuam hauv kev tsim khoom
Nyob rau hauv cov roj refining thiab tshuaj cov txheej txheem, pebbles 'siab kub tsis kam, corrosion kuj, thiab uniform thermal conductivity ua rau lawv tseem ceeb heev rau reactors, pom cov khoom, thiab ib puag ncig systems, kom ntseeg tau npaum thiab ruaj khov ntau lawm.
1. Cov ntawv thov thiab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb
Reactor / rhaub ntim: Hauv catalytic cracking, hydrofining, thiab lwm yam units, pebbles pab txhawb thiab dispersion media. Nrog rau qhov kub siab tshaj 800℃thiab zoo thermal conductivity, lawv sib npaug faib cov ntaub ntawv thiab cua sov (tiv thaiv catalyst deactivation los ntawm lub zos overheating) thaum txhawb nqa catalyst txaj kom tsis txhob catalyst poob.
Refinery Wastewater Treatment: Pebbles ua ua ntej- cov txheej lim dej thiab cov khoom siv biofilter hauv cov dej khib nyiab. Cov khoom loj loj ntxiab tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, thiab biofilms txuas nrog pebbles degrade roj, txhim kho kev kho kom zoo rau kev tso tawm lossis rov siv dua.
Roj -Npaj cais lim: Ua ke nrog cov pa roj carbon activated thiab quartz xuab zeb, pebbles tsim ntau- txheej filtration systems rau crude roj dehydration thiab natural gas purification. Lawv tshem tawm cov dej noo thiab txhua yam impurities, tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hauv qab thiab txhim kho cov khoom purity.
2. Cov qauv xaiv rau kev kho kom zoo
Uniform particle loj: 10-30mm (packing), 5-20mm (filtration) (kom paub meej qhov sib txawv thiab du ntws);
Kub kub / corrosion kuj: Nrog siab - kub flue roj thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov xov xwm tsis muaj tawg los yog leaching;
Kev huv huv: Tsis muaj roj, plua plav, lossis av nkos Cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5% (tsis txhob muaj cov kab mob sib kis).
III. Roj-Gas Storage, Transportation & Facility Protection: Natural Safety Barriers
Hauv kev cia khoom (pipelines, tso tsheb hlau luam) thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv, pebbles 'load- bearing, rwb thaiv tsev, corrosion resistance, thiab fireproof zog ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ntev kev pab cuam lub neej.
1. Cov ntawv thov thiab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb
Tank Foundation & Cushion tiv thaiv: Pebbles nteg nyob rau hauv cov roj crude los yog cov khoom tso tsheb hlau luam daim ntawv load-cov kabmob thiab cov dej cushions. Lawv lub zog siab faib lub tank hnyav sib npaug (tiv thaiv lub hauv paus kev sib haum xeeb), thaum zoo permeability ntws dej hauv av (tsis txhob muaj av softening). Lawv kuj suppress cov nroj tsuag thiab nas puas.
Pipeline Corrosion & Kev Tiv Thaiv: Pebbles nteg sab nraum faus pipeline los tiv thaiv- txheej txheej tiv thaiv khawb thaum siv los yog av sib haum. Hauv cov seem uas nyuaj (piv txwv li, hla dej), pebbles txhim kho cov kav dej thiab txo cov kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov dej ntws los yog av.
Plant Fire Barriers: Hauv thaj chaw uas muaj hluav taws kub (refineries, roj depots), pebble- cov teeb meem hluav taws kub tsis muaj -combustible thiab thermal conductivity tsawg, thaiv hluav taws kis thiab ua kom yooj yim ntxuav cov roj leaked- roj. Lawv kuj tiv thaiv kev txhim kho zoo li qub, txhim kho qhov chaw nyab xeeb.
2. Cov qauv xaiv rau kev khaws cia & kev thauj mus los
Particle loj: 30-80mm (lub hauv paus), 20-50mm (pipeline tiv thaiv), 50-100mm (qhov hluav taws kub teeb meem);
Load- bearing stability: Compressive zog Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 120MPa, cov khoom du (tsis muaj cov npoo ntse) nrog kev hloov me me tom qab compaction;
Huab cua tsis kam: Frost-thaw thiab weathering resistant, tswj kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv huab cua sab nraum zoov.
IV. Daim ntawv thov txuas ntxiv: Tshaj li Roj rau Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob
Pebbles kuj ua tau zoo hauv cov nkev, roj shale, geothermal, thiab lwm yam zog:
Natural gas extraction: Raws li propants nyob rau hauv shale gas kab rov tav zoo fracturing, lawv cia fractures qhib rau roj ntws;
Geothermal txoj kev loj hlob: Sau nyob rau hauv geothermal zoo casing annuli, lawv kho casings, insulate cua sov, thiab thaiv tsim xuab zeb;
Biomass zog: Raws li cov khoom siv cua sov hauv biomass gasifiers, lawv hloov cov cua sov los txhawb cov pyrolysis, tiv thaiv coking thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm gasification.
V. Lub Ntsiab Cai ntawm Pebbles hauv Kev Lag Luam
Los ntawm cov roj drilling mus rau refining, cia, thiab hla- siv zog, pebbles txoj kev vam meej yog nyob rau hauv kev sib piv cov yam ntxwv zoo rau kev lag luam. Yuav tsum tau ua tsawg kawg nkaus, lawv hloov cov khoom siv hluavtaws nyob rau hauv siab -xav tau lub zog, txiav cov nqi thaum ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig, kev nyab xeeb, thiab ib puag ncig cov hom phiaj.
Cov "cov pob zeb me me" no ua pov thawj tsis muaj nuj nqis hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm zoo. Lawv daim ntawv thov paub meej tias cov khoom siv ntuj tsim muaj txiaj ntsig nyob rau hauv kev hloov kho kom haum rau kev ua haujlwm, muab kev txhawb nqa rau ntsuab thiab kev tsim kho kom ruaj khov ntawm lub zog.