1. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Pebbles hauv Cov Dej Dej
Pebblesyog ntau tshaj li "filler"-lawv tso dej los ntawm peb lub cev tseem ceeb:
(1) Kev siv dej zoo
Pebbles 'cov duab tsis sib xws tsim 30%-40% porosity thaum stacked, tsim ib lub network ntawm me me raws rau cov dej ntws ceev (dej nag, dej saum npoo / av). Muab piv rau cov xuab zeb, pebbles muaj qhov pores loj dua (5-}20mm) uas tiv thaiv kev txhaws los ntawm cov av zoo, ua kom cov dej ntws mus ntev-qhov no ua rau lawv zoo dua rau cov xuab zeb rau thawj cov txheej dej ntws.
(2) Lub cev lim dej Barrier
Raws li cov dej dhau los ntawm pebbles, lawv qhov chaw ntxhib ntxeem tau cov khib nyiab, nplooj, thiab cov khib nyiab, tiv thaiv kev txhaws hauv cov dej ntws tob lossis cov kav dej hauv qab. Pebbles 'hardness (Mohs 6-7) tiv taus hnav los ntawm dej yaig, ua kom pom kev ruaj khov hauv thaj chaw cog qoob loo.
(3) Kev them nyiaj yug tus qauv & Kev tiv thaiv-Kev daws teeb meem
Heavy pebbles (100-200g rau 5-8cm loj) cuam tshuam los tsim ib lub hauv paus ruaj khov, txhawb cov av sab saud lossis cov khoom thauj (ko taw tsheb, khoom siv me me). Qhov no tiv thaiv cov kua dej (tshwj xeeb yog cov zais zoo li cov qhov muag tsis pom kev) los ntawm kev sib tsoo lossis deforming, ncua lawv txoj sia.
2. Txoj Kev Txhim Kho Kev Tshawb Fawb rau Pebble Drainage Systems (Txheej Txheej Txheej)
Txawm hais tias rau cov qhov muag tsis pom kev, qhov dej soakaway, lossis cov kev qhib, ua raws li "txheej txheem, ua haujlwm-tsav" txheej txheem hla peb theem:
Theem 1: Trench Excavation & Foundation Preparation
(1) Trench Positioning & Excavation
Qhov muag tsis pom kev: Khiav raws thaj chaw dej (xws li, phab ntsa hauv tsev, paj txaj npoo) hauv kab ncaj / zigzag. Qhov tob: 50-80cm (20cm hauv qab dej hauv av); Trapezoidal hla ntu (1: 0.5 nqes hav) kom tsis txhob tawg.
Soakaway qhov dej: Khawb hauv qis -dej thaj chaw. Txoj kab uas hla: 1-1.5m; qhov tob: 1.5-2m (tsis txhob siv cov kav dej hauv av).
Qhib cov channel: Khawb raws txoj kev. Qhov tob: 30-50cm; dav: 40-60cm (rectangular cross-section).
Tswv yim: Tshem cov pob zeb/cov hauv paus hniav los ntawm cov trench hauv qab rau lub hauv paus tiaj tus.
(2) Foundation Compaction & Leveling
Compact lub trench hauv qab nrog ib tug rammer (3+ passes) kom ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 90% compaction tus nqi (tiv thaiv teeb meem).
Rau cov av mos / silty: Ntxiv 10-15cm txheej ntawm cov xuab zeb qib-gravel (5-20mm), tom qab ntawd rov ua dua thiab qib.
Theem 2: Txheej txheej installation & xaiv cov khoom
Txoj Cai: Los ntawm hauv qab mus rau sab saum toj, cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav tsum "txo qis hauv permeability, nce hauv kev pom"-txhua txheej muaj qhov pom tseeb.
(1) Txheej hauv qab: Los tiv thaiv - Lim Geotextile (Tshem Av Infiltration)
Khoom siv: Tsis yog -woven geotextile (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 200g / ㎡, permeability Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 1 × 10⁻³cm / s).
Kev teeb tsa: Kab tag nrho trench, nrog 20-30cm tshaj ntawm cov npoo (rau tom qab folding). Sib tshooj seams los ntawm 10-15cm (stitch los yog kua nplaum) los thaiv cov av.
Lub hom phiaj: cais cov av los ntawm cov txheej txheem dej, tiv thaiv kev txhaws thaum tso dej nkag.
(2) Cov Txheej Txheem Nruab Nrab: Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem (Core Dej-Cov Qauv Ua Haujlwm)
Pebble Size Xaiv:
Qhov muag tsis pom kev / qhib raws: 5-8cm pebbles (100-200g txhua, Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 80% qhov sib npaug) - sib npaug permeability thiab stability.
Soakaway qhov dej: Hauv qab ½=8-12cm pebbles (300-500g); sab saum toj ½=5-8cm pebbles (tsim ib qho "coarse-rau-fine" gradient kom zoo dua dej tob).
Installation Thickness:
Cov qhov muag tsis pom kev: 30-50cm (60%-70% ntawm qhov tob tob), nteg hauv 2-3 txheej (lub teeb tapping rau theem, tsis muaj overcompaction).
Soakaway qhov dej: 80% ntawm qhov tob tob (tso qhov chaw saum toj kawg nkaus rau kev rov qab ua dua).
Qhib cov channel: 20-30cm (ib txheej txheej).
Tswv yim: Tshem tawm cov av / khib nyiab los ntawm pebbles kom cov pores ntshiab.
(3) Sab saum toj Txheej: Lim Npog (tiv thaiv cov dej ntws)
Khoom siv: 5-10cm txheej ntawm 2-4cm me me pebbles los yog coarse xuab zeb (2-5mm).
Lub hom phiaj: Lim zoo impurities thiab cushions siab los ntawm backfill, khaws cia thawj txheej txheej pore qauv.
Tshwj xeeb Case rau Qhib Channel: Pave 5-8cm pebbles flush nrog av, me ntsis nkhaus (siab dua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab) coj dej ntws.
Theem 3: Backfilling & Surface Treatment
(1) Geotextile Npog & Backfilling
Quav cov geotextile ntau dhau ntawm cov txheej sab saum toj kom tag nrho qhwv cov kua dej (blocks backfill av).
Cov khoom siv rov qab: Siv permeable topsoil los yog xuab zeb loam (30% -50% xuab zeb cov ntsiab lus) - txheej 20cm ib zaug, maj mam compacted.Zam av nplaum(nrog rau compaction / clogging).
Soakaway Well Exception: Sau rau saum 50cm nrog cog av; loj hlob drought-cov nroj tsuag siab ntev (xws li, sedum) rau "eco-soakaway."
(2) Nto Finishing & Maintenance Prep
Qhov muag tsis pom kev ditches / underground systems: Qib saum npoo nrog thaj tsam ib puag ncig; nteg nyom los yog toj roob hauv pes slabs (tawm 5-10mm qhov sib txawv rau dej infiltration).
Qhib cov channel: Rau kev zoo nkauj, ntxiv 10-15cm pob zeb zoo nkauj lossis cov nroj tsuag dej (xws li, calamus, iris); rau kev ua haujlwm, nruab grate (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 2cm qhov khoob) txhawm rau thaiv cov khib nyiab.
Maintenance Access: Ntxiv cov chaw soj ntsuam (30-40cm txoj kab uas hla) ntawm qhov muag tsis pom kev khoov los yog soakaway qhov zoo saum toj - xyuas thiab ntxuav txhua xyoo (lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav zoo tagnrho).
3. Cov lus qhia yuam kev & kev ua kom zoo
Wrong Pebble Size: Tsis txhob tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 3cm (yooj yim clogged) lossis Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 15cm (tsis txaus porosity). 5-8cm yog "golden size" rau cov kua dej thiab tiv thaiv -clogging.
Hla Geotextile: Omitting geotextile txo cov kua dej los ntawm 50% hauv 1-2 xyoos (av infiltration). Ib txwm suav nrog nws.
Tshaj -Compaction: Ntau dhau tamping rhuav tshem qhov pores - lub teeb tapping rau theem txaus (kom porosity Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 30%).
Nrog rau kev txhim kho kom zoo, pebble cov kav dej kav ntev li 10-15 xyoo thiab sib xyaw nrog cov vaj tsev cog qoob loo, embodying "eco-cov kua dej zoo." Qhov tseem ceeb yog txuam cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ua haujlwm, tom qab txheej txheej txheej, thiab kev saib xyuas yooj yim-tig ib qho kev ua haujlwm rau hauv ib feem ntawm koj lub vaj.