NATO Technical Standards: Kev Tiv Thaiv Code hauv Cov Khoom Siv Khoom
NATO STANAG 4569 teeb tsa cov qauv ntsuas nruj rau kev tawg -cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv bunker, thiab cov qauv ntawm steel fiber reinforcedpob zebpob zeb sawv ua "defense textbook." Tus txheej txheem qhia txog kev siv 20-40mm granite gravel li aggregate- qib ntawm granite, nrog rau Mohs hardness ntawm 6-7 thiab compressive zog tshaj 100MPa, zoo tiv thaiv instantaneous extrusion los ntawm tej yam projectile. Ib txhij, 2% ntim piv ntawm hooks-kawg steel fibers (30-50mm nyob rau hauv ntev) yog incorporated; lawv qhov kev faib tawm peb-dimensional random ua zoo li "cov pob txha pob txha" los thaiv kev tawg tawg hauv pob zeb, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hnyav rau 3 npaug ntawm cov pob zeb zoo tib yam.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov piv txwv no yog nyob rau hauv "kev sib koom ua ke nrog kev ua kom yooj yim": granite gravel muab qhov cuam tshuam nyuaj - tiv taus puag, thaum hooked - kawg steel fibers nqus hluav taws xob tawg los ntawm deformation. Ua ke, lawv ua kom lub bunker tiv thaiv kev poob siab los ntawm qhov ze ntawm qhov tawg ntawm 155mm shells (overpressure peak mus txog 0.5MPa)-ib qho xwm txheej uas cov pob zeb zoo tib yam yuav raug kev puas tsuaj.
Cov Kev Ua Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb: Kev ntseeg tau los ntawm Lab mus rau Battlefield
Kev ua hauj lwm zoo ntawm steel fiber reinforced gravel qhob yog lav los ntawm ib tug series ntawm leej tsis. Slump yog tswj nruj me ntsis hauv qab 50mm- qhov dej tsis zoo no ua kom cov pob zeb ua tiav qhov zoo nkauj tsis muaj kev co tom qab nchuav, nrog cov porosity hauv qab qis dua 2%, zam "kev cuam tshuam tsis muaj zog" tshwm sim los ntawm huab cua npuas. Nyob rau hauv- kev ntsuas hluav taws, cov qauv ntom ntom no txo qis qhov tob ntawm 60% piv rau cov pob zeb zoo tib yam (los ntawm 45cm mus rau 18cm tom qab 122mm lub plhaub cuam tshuam), txo qis kev raug mob thib ob los ntawm cov khoom tawg.
Lwm qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb yog lub zog flexural ncav cuag 8MPa, 2.5 npaug ntawm cov pob zeb zoo tib yam. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov phab ntsa bunker tsis tshua muaj kev khoov lossis tawg nyob rau sab nraud los ntawm cov nthwv dej moj tej tawg, tswj xyuas kev ncaj ncees kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm sab hauv.
Daim ntawv thov kev sib ntaus sib tua: Kev Tiv Thaiv nrawm nrawm ntawm Ukraine's Frontlines
Hauv kev sim ntawm Ukraine qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua, steel fiber reinforced gravel pob zeb tau pom muaj zog tactical nqi. Cov tsoos pob zeb ua pob zeb yuav tsum tau formwork, rebar tying, pouring, thiab kho, siv ntau tshaj 72 teev los tsim ib pab tub rog - loj fortification. Nrog ua ntej- sib xyaw steel fiber ntau gravel pob zeb, siv modular pouring (precast phab ntsa panels), lub sij hawm tsim kho raug txo mus rau 8 teev- tsis tas siv lub tshuab hnyav. Cov tub rog tuaj yeem sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm - qhov chaw nrog cov cuab yeej nqa tau yooj yim thiab sib sau ua ke sai nrog cov qauv ua ntej.
Raws li xyoo 2024, ntau dua 500 qhov bunkers tau raug xa mus rau ntawm Ukraine lub hauv ntej. Cov ntaub ntawv sib ntaus sib tua qhia tau hais tias: thaum ntaus los ntawm drone-pob foob pob (5kg sib npaug), bunker kev ncaj ncees nce mus txog 92%, kev txhim kho 65% ntawm cov qauv ib txwm muaj, txo qis kev raug mob. Qhov no dual qhov zoo ntawm "kev tsim kho sai + kev kub ntxhov siab" ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tiv thaiv ncej nyob rau hauv niaj hnub guerrilla tsov rog thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv nroog.